CS 115 Lab 7, Part A: Find $1 words

Background

Computers internally store all data as sequences of 1s and 0s that can be interpreted as numbers. Therefore, people have agreed on a method for representing text in numeric form. The most common method is a system called Unicode. Using this table, you can see the Unicode representations of some common characters. The "Dec" column gives you each character's representation as a normal (base 10) number.

Python can show you the numeric representation of your text characters. If you have a character c, then ord(c) is the Unicode representation of that number.

Python can go the other direction, too; if you have a number i, then chr(i) is the character represented by that number.

Using the Online Python Tutor, and referencing the Unicode table, answer Question 1 in your writeup.

Specification

Before you start programming, read this specification to understand what your final code should do.

Your program should:

Repeatedly ask the user to enter a word, and convert that word to lowercase. (You may assume that the user enters a single word and not a multi-word phrase.) Stop asking when the user enters quit (or QUIT or QuiT or...).
If the user did not enter quit, compute the "value" of the user's word if the letter 'a' is worth 1 cent, 'b' is worth 2 cents, etc.
Print the value of the user's word in dollars and cents, formatted to two decimal places. For example, if the user's word is worth 37 cents, you should print $0.37.
If the user's word was worth exactly 100 cents ($1.00), print "Congratulations!"

Sample output #1:

Enter a word: QuiT

Sample output #2:

Enter a word: CoFFee
Your word is worth $0.40.
Enter a word: accuMulate
Your word is worth $1.00.
Congratulations!
Enter a word: QUIT

Instructions

Create a new Python source code file called lab07a.py:

"""
Program: CS 115 Lab 7a
Author: Your name
Description: This program finds $1.00 words.
"""


def main():

    # Ask the user for a word, and save the word to a variable.
    # Convert the user's word to lowercase
    # As long as the user's word is not 'quit'...
        # Echo their word back to them
        # Get a new word from them, convert it to lowercase,
        # and save it to the same variable.
    

main()

Start by translating the pseudocode to Python that will repeatedly ask the user for a word and convert it to lowercase until the user enters quit. For now, you will just repeat that word back to them.

Sample input/output:

Enter a word: QuiT

Enter a word: CoFFEE
coffee
Enter a word: teA
tea
Enter a word: QUIT

Modify your program so that instead of printing the user's word, it prints each of the characters in the lowercase version of the word on a separate line (see below).

This will require nesting a for loop inside your while loop – your while loop performs one iteration per word, and the for loop will perform one iteration per letter within the word.

Sample input/output:
```
Enter a word: CoFFEE
c
o
f
f
e
e
Enter a word: teA
t
e
a
Enter a word: quit
```
Modify your program so that it prints the numeric Unicode value for each character instead of the character itself. Recall that for a character variable c, you can get its Unicode value with ord(c).

Sample input/output:
```
Enter a word: CoFFEE
99
111
102
102
101
101
Enter a word: teA
116
101
97
Enter a word: quit
```
In order to compute the "value" of a word according to our point system, we want the letter 'a' to be worth 1 point, 'b' to be worth 2 points, etc. However, we can see in our output that the Unicode value of 'a' is 97, 'c' is 99, etc. Answer Question 2 in your writeup.
Based on your answers, figure out how you can adjust this output to print 1 for 'a', 2 for 'b', etc.

Sample input/output:
```
Enter a word: CoFFEE
3
15
6
6
5
5
Enter a word: teA
20
5
1
Enter a word: quit
```
Instead of printing the value of each character, add up the values of the characters in each word to produce a total. Print the total once per word.

Sample input/output:
```
Enter a word: CoFFEE
Total: 40
Enter a word: teA
Total: 26
Enter a word: quit
```
Modify the print statements so that they match the specification. You can format a numeric variable x to two decimal places like this:
```
"{0:.2f}".format(x)
```
Sample input/output:
```
Enter a word: CoFFEE
Your word is worth $0.40.
Enter a word: teA
Your word is worth $0.26.
Enter a word: quit
```

Finally, add the congratulations for $1.00 words:

Enter a word: CoFFEE
Your word is worth $0.40.
Enter a word: accumulate
Your word is worth $1.00.
Congratulations!
Enter a word: quit

When your code matches the examples, call an instructor to demo.
Continue to Part B.